Calculate Mass, Density, or Volume | m = ρ × V | Physics & Chemistry Tool
Result
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📝 Step-by-step solution
Select what to calculate and enter values
💡 Mass m in kilograms (kg) | Density ρ in kg/m³ | Volume V in m³ | 1 g/cm³ = 1000 kg/m³
📖 What is Mass?
Mass is the amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms (kg) in the SI system.
Unlike weight, which depends on gravity, mass remains constant everywhere in the universe.
This calculator uses the relationship between mass, density, and volume:
m = ρ × V
Where:
• m = Mass (kg)
• ρ (rho) = Density (kg/m³)
• V = Volume (m³)
🔁 Rearranged Formulas
Mass: m = ρ × V Density: ρ = m / V Volume: V = m / ρ
📝 Worked Example
Example: Mass of 2 m³ of Water
Given: Density of water ρ = 1000 kg/m³ | Volume V = 2 m³
Formula: m = ρ × V Calculation: m = 1000 × 2 = 2000 kg Result: The mass of 2 m³ of water is 2000 kg (2 metric tonnes).
📊 Common Densities
Air (at sea level): 1.225 kg/m³
Water: 1000 kg/m³
Ice: 917 kg/m³
Aluminum: 2700 kg/m³
Steel: 7850 kg/m³
Lead: 11,340 kg/m³
Gold: 19,300 kg/m³
Platinum: 21,450 kg/m³
⚠️ Limitations & Assumptions
📌 Important Notes
Assumes uniform density throughout the object.
Density changes with temperature and pressure — especially for gases.
Does not account for buoyancy or gravitational variations.
Ensure units are consistent (kg, m³, kg/m³). If using g/cm³, convert first.
Results are theoretical estimates — real objects may have slight variations.
📚 Sources & References
Authoritative Sources
NIST — Guide to the SI Units
OpenStax — University Physics, Volume 1
Khan Academy — Density and Mass
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is the amount of matter in an object (kg) and is constant everywhere.
Weight is the force of gravity on that mass (W = m × g) and changes with location.
On the Moon, your mass stays the same but your weight is about 1/6th of Earth's.
How do I convert g/cm³ to kg/m³?
Multiply by 1000. For example, 1 g/cm³ = 1000 kg/m³. So water's density of 1 g/cm³ = 1000 kg/m³.
Does density change with temperature?
Yes. In most substances, density decreases as temperature increases (because volume expands).
Water is an exception — it's most dense at 4°C.
Can I use this for gases?
Yes, but gas density varies greatly with temperature and pressure. Ensure you use the correct
density value for your specific conditions.
This Mass Calculator is provided for informational and educational purposes only.
Results are based on standard physics formulas and assumed uniform density.
Real-world values may vary due to temperature, pressure, material composition, and measurement uncertainty.
Always verify critical calculations with authoritative sources or a qualified professional.